Open fractures: In this type of fracture, in addition to the broken bone, the skin is also torn; in fact, a pathway is created connecting the fracture site to the surface of the body. In this type of fracture, the risk of bone infection is very high, making it a true orthopedic emergency requiring urgent surgery.

Hip dislocation: There is a risk of avascular necrosis due to interrupted blood flow to the bone. Reduced blood flow to the femoral head causes bone marrow death, which is why it is considered an emergency orthopedic surgery.

Nerve impairment: Especially associated with spinal injuries.

Acute septic arthritis and osteomyelitis: This refers to a painful infection in the joint that quickly spreads to the cartilage and bone within the joint.

Compartment syndrome: A condition caused by increased tissue pressure in any limb, which leads to reduced blood flow, decreased oxygen supply to muscles and nerves, and if untreated, can cause permanent damage such as tissue death and loss of the limb. This often occurs after limb trauma.

Vascular injuries (e.g., knee dislocation): The most critical soft tissue injuries of the limbs and a primary cause of limb amputation.

Pelvic fractures.

Open dislocations: In this type of dislocation, the bone is completely displaced from its joint, causing extensive damage to blood vessels, ligaments, joint surfaces, soft tissues, and tearing of the skin. Surgical repair of these structures is necessary in such cases.